In the West, alpha women have been described both within the context of masculinity and femininity. Popularized narratives and discourse within this context rely on analogies between human and primate behavior,. The term “alpha”, or more specifically “alpha male”, originates from the field of animal behavior and is used as a descriptor for the highest-ranking individual of a social group. “Alphas” exercise influence over others, play a lead role in goal-setting, goal achievement, the development of a group or organization, and are regarded as leaders by other members of a group. Individuals considered leaders in society who occupy the highest positions such as heads of corporations, senior management and those that hold political office are often referred to as “alpha”. The results suggest that although the alpha female is often regarded as an exceptional and, at times, an exoticized form of femininity, like other femininities, her identity is marked by contradictions and tensions The results also revealed that neither social dominance nor sexual dominance were predictors of alpha female status which challenge academic and popularized representations of this identity. Further, both groups scored higher for feminine traits than masculine traits. Interestingly, both alpha and non-alpha women scored the same for the measure of feminine traits. The measure of masculine traits was identified as the only predictor of alpha female status as per the multiple regression model. Univariate analysis revealed positive and highly significant differences in self-reported mean scores between alpha (N = 94) and non-alpha (N = 304) females for 10 variables including, masculine traits, leadership, strength, low introversion, self-esteem, life satisfaction, sexual experience, initiates sex, enjoys sex and playing a dominant role in sexual encounters, with alpha females scoring higher than non-alphas. In this sample of women, the “alpha female” was found to be a recognized socially constructed female identity. This review revealed 2 predominant alpha female representations in the literature–one more masculine versus one more feminine–and 21 alpha female variables. Since the sons of alpha females are born hyper-aggressive, they start trying to mount females at just a few months old, giving them a better shot at sealing the deal later in life.An extensive review and textual analysis of the academic and popular literature of the human alpha female was conducted to examine the social construction and expression of the alpha female identity in a small non-random sample of North American women (N = 398). After a couple of months of practicing, they get it lined up just right," Holekamp told LiveScience. It takes careful positioning for the male to crouch behind her and somehow get his penis to point up and backwards to enter her clitoris. The rip can be fatal, as evidenced by the high death rate for first-time mothers.īecause of the female's awkward genitalia, successful mating for hyenas is tricky to pull off. The clitoris' birth canal is only an inch in diameter, and the tissue often tears as a 2-pound cub squeezes through the narrow opening. Although giving birth through a 'penis' isn't a trivial problem." "It's really weird genitalia, but it seems to work. "Imagine giving birth through a penis," said study co-author Kay Holekamp of Michigan State University. Her clitoris, which contains the birthing canal, protrudes 7 inches from her body. It also causes female reproductive organs to grow. The dose of androgen that she received from her own alpha mother damages her ovaries, making it difficult to conceive. Aggressiveness is a good attribute for a creature living in a society where 40 to 60 individuals scrap over food, and especially for females requiring extra energy for developing offspring.īy infusing her developing young with androgen, the mother increases the likelihood that her genetic information will survive.īut providing the extra hormones takes a toll on the mother.
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